Assessment of Wetland Water Quality in Maiganga Coal Mining Area, Akko Local Government Area, Gombe State, Nigeria

Abstract

Mining activities significantly contribute to employment and economic growth but are often associated with severe environmental degradation, particularly affecting land, air, and water resources. In Maiganga, Gombe State, coal mining activities have led to considerable impacts on water quality. This study assessed the effectiveness of a constructed wetland system designed to treat mine wastewater before discharge into the environment. Water samples were collected and analyzed for physicochemical properties and heavy metal concentrations, then compared with World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) guidelines. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and a paired sample t-test. Results revealed that both water sources remained acidic (pH ranging from 5.42 to 5.16) and exhibited elevated concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), and heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and chromium, exceeding permissible limits. Despite slight improvements after treatment, several parameters remained above acceptable thresholds, posing significant health risks. The results of the study indicates that the wetland water is less effective at moment. The study recommends enhancing sustainable mining practices, upgrading wetland treatment systems, improving community access to safer water sources and continuous monitoring of the wetland and public health surveillance.