Assessing Saudi Arabia's Tourism Infrastructure and Facilities: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Tourism Development

Abstract

Tourism is a key driver of economic diversification and sustainable development, particularly in regions seeking to reduce dependency on resource-based industries. In line with Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia has prioritized tourism sector expansion through Vision Realization Programs (VRPs), aiming to enhance infrastructure, attract international visitors, and establish the Kingdom as a global tourism hub. However, the rapid development of tourism infrastructure and facilities raises questions about sustainability, management efficiency, and long-term viability. This study critically assesses Saudi Arabia’s tourism infrastructure and facilities, identifying challenges and opportunities for sustainable tourism development. Guided by Butler’s Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) Model and the Destination Competitiveness Framework, the research evaluates the role of hard infrastructure (transportation networks, accommodations, and cultural sites) and soft facilities (hospitality services, digital platforms, and policy frameworks) in supporting tourism growth. A mixed-methods approach is employed, combining secondary data analysis from government reports, policy documents, and industry studies with expert interviews to assess current development strategies and their implications for sustainable tourism. The findings reveal that while Saudi Arabia has made significant strides in improving tourism infrastructure, challenges persist in areas such as regulatory frameworks, sustainability practices, and stakeholder coordination. The study identifies gaps in facility operations, environmental management, and tourism governance, offering recommendations for balancing rapid tourism growth with sustainable resource management. By providing a critical analysis rather than a purely descriptive overview, this research contributes to discussions on tourism infrastructure planning and sustainability in emerging tourism destinations.