PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING OF SOLANUM NIGRUM AND SOLANUM SURATTENSE FROM LOCAL AREA OF DALA AND GWALE, NIGERIA

Abstract

An investigation of phytochemical analysis of some members of the family solanaceae was
carried out at the Department of Biological Sciences, Bayero University Kano. The result of the
phytochemical screening of members of the Solanaceae family showed the presence of
phytochemicals such as, Tannins, steroids, resins, alkaloids saponins, reducing sugars and
flavonoids in both species of Solanum nigrum and Solanum surattense studied. The results of
Thin Layer Chromatography showed similarities at Rf values 0.62, 0.78 and 0.90 while
differences were found at R f values 0.50, 0.66, 0.96 and 0.65.The result of HPLC phytochemical
profiling showed similarities as well as differences. Similarities between Solanum surattense
were at the retention time 31 minutes after elution while differences in retention time peaks were
found at 15, 19, 21, 23, 33, 39, 38 and 48 minutes at (254nm). Also at 360nm there was also
similarity at 31 and 39 minutes after elution and differences at 18, 19, 33, 37, 40 and 43 minutes.
Confirmation of the presence of ellagic Acid at retention time 31 minutes in both Solanum
nigrum and Solanum surattense and differences at 15 minutes showed catechol in Solanum
nigrum and also Tannic acid at retention time 33 minutes at (254nm). At retention time 39
minutes Acety-Salicylic acid was confirmed in Solanum surattense. Difference was also found
in Solanum nigrum at retention time 41 minutes and was confirmed to be Benzoic acid. This
research therefore, proved that plant species belonging to the family Solanaceae contain different
types of phytochemicals and thus could be utilize as a tool for modern classification.