GOMBE JOURNAL OF ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT (GJAM)

FINANCIAL LITERACY, RETIREMENT PLANNING, AND DEMAND FOR LIFE INSURANCE: EVIDENCE FROM LECTURERS IN LAGOS STATE-OWNED TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS

Sunday Stephen Ajemunigbohun — 2024-06-30

Financial literacy is a protective tool for ensuring quality retirement life through annuity life insurance policy. The study evaluated the effects of financial literacy metrics and retirement planning on the demand for life insurance among University lecturers in Lagos State-Owned tertiary institutions. The study employed a cross-sectional survey research design cum multiphase sampling techniques. Thus, a structured questionnaire was adopted; which produced two hundred and seventy-three participants. The statistical techniques adopted were simple frequency percentages and multiple regression technique among the sampling units. While financial attitude, financial knowledge, and financial behaviour showed a positive relationship with the demand for life insurance, financial confidence an inverse relationship. Retirement planning has positive and significant effect of the demand for life insurance. On recommendations, the insurers should take concrete steps to enlightening the lecturers on the benefits of life insurance to ensuring protective future on their retirement. Government, on the other hand, should make effort to organizing workshops, seminar, and conferences that can help literate University lecturers further on financial matters in terms of knowledge, confidence, attitudes, and behaviour for better retirement age.

DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE - A STUDY OF SMES IN KOGI STATE

Samuel Shola — 2024-06-30

The evaluated of delegation on both business and employee performance in recent corporate institutions cannot be overemphasized. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effect of delegation of authority on organizational performance of SMEs in Kogi State. The study adopted descriptive cross-sectional survey design. The population of the study comprises of 22,715 operators of registered small and medium enterprises (SMEs) with Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC) as at 2020. The study adopted Simple random sampling was employed and Krejcie and Morgan table for sample size determination was used giving a sample size of 379. The method of data analysis was Multiple Regression Analysis with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24. The study found that there is a positive and significant relationship between work discipline and organizational performance of SMEs in Kogi State with a t-statistics value of t=30.278 and p value of 0.000, it was also found that employee productivity has a positive and significant relationship with organizational performance of SMEs in Kogi State with a t-statistics value of t =39.856 and p value of 0.000 and that incentive compensation has a positive and significant relationship with organizational performance of SMEs in Kogi State with a t-statistics value of t=33.233 and p value of 0.000. It was recommended among others SMEs should implement and maintain strict work discipline policies. This can be achieved through regular training programs, clear communication of expectations, and consistent enforcement of rules. It is crucial for SMEs to invest in strategies that enhance productivity. This includes providing ongoing professional development opportunities, adopting advanced technologies, and optimizing workflow processes. SMEs should adopt robust incentive compensation schemes. These programs can include performance-based bonuses, profit-sharing plans, and other financial rewards that align employee interests with organizational goals.

IMPACT OF CIVIL SOCIETY INITIATIVES ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, NIGERIA

Abubakar Manu Yerima — 2024-06-30

The study investigated the impact of civil society organization (CSOs) initiatives on women’s’ empowerment in FCT, Abuja. Despite various government efforts, women in Nigeria continue to face significant socio-economic challenges, including limited access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities. The research problem centers on the effectiveness of civil society organizations (CSOs) in bridging these gaps and enhancing women's socio-economic status in the FCT. Specifically, the study examined the impact CSO’s Advocacyampaign, Microfinance Support, and Vocational Training initiatives. A survey design was adopted where questionnaires were distributed. A sample size of 160 respondents was drawn from a population of 190 populations. Multiple regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses formulated. The study found that all the CSOs initiatives in the aspect of Vocational Training, Microfinance Support, and Educational initiative has positive and significant impact on women’s’ empowerment. The study therefore, recommended that CSOs should facilitate networking opportunities and connections with employers and industry partners to enhance job prospects and business opportunities for trained women, they should also offer financial literacy and business management training as part of microfinance support programs to equip women with the knowledge and skills needed to effectively manage their finances and businesses and lastly CSOs should track indicators such as Vocational enrollment rates, retention rates, skills performance, and women's perceptions of empowerment to measure the effectiveness of the vocational training programs over time.

CORPORATE VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF QUOTED CONSUMER GOODS IN THE POST COVID 19 ERA

Friday Audu — 2024-06-30

Numerous scholars have focused their attention on the issue of voluntary disclosure of financial or non-financial information in the past few decades. The information provided in annual reports serves as the foundation for the financial and investment decisions made by shareholders, investors, and other stakeholders. There may be required and optional information in these annual reports. Managers make these voluntary disclosures out of a sense of openness and transparency, and they could include important information that helps all parties involved make informed decisions. This study looked at the financial performance of consumer products companies in Nigeria as well as corporate voluntary disclosure. The population of the study consisted of the twenty (21) quoted consumer goods firms on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX Group) as of December 31, 2023. A sample size of ten (10) consumer goods firms was selected using the purposive sampling technique. The research design used in the study was ex post facto. According to the study, corporate voluntary environmental disclosure (CVEND) has a negligible positive impact on the return on asset of quoted consumer goods companies in Nigeria, whereas corporate voluntary economic disclosure (CVED) has a significant negative impact. In order to increase overall performance in a sustainable manner, the study advises management of consumer products companies to take the required actions to raise their levels of social engagement with their particular host communities. Additionally, management ought to reveal less economic performance operations and more social and environmental performance actions.

MANAGERIAL ENERGIZING AS A DETERMINANT OF CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA MANUFACTURING COMPANIES

Ijaiya Muhammed Olayemi — 2024-06-30

The implementation of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) has been highly dependent on managerial energizing, especially in light of Nigeria's manufacturing companies. This is because stakeholders are increasingly demanding complete accountability in terms of economic, social, and governance disclosures. Through the lens of the GRI framework, this study especially attempts to evaluate the impact of managerial energizing on corporate sustainability reporting. This study made use of secondary data from a sample of 49 manufacturing firms that continued to be regularly listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) from 2011 to 2023. Both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were applied to the statistical analysis of the acquired data. Our results, which were obtained using the Generalized Least Square (GLS) regression method, indicate that managerial energizing has a significant impact on corporate sustainability reporting. Moreover, companies with higher managerial energizing levels also typically have more thorough and open corporate sustainability policies. Additionally, our study revealed that organizations with managerial energizing had higher GRI reporting rates because these managers are more driven to show their support for corporate social responsibility and sustainability. These results underscore the significance of high-energy management within the framework of GRI reporting, and recommend that organizations work to foster a managerial energizing leadership culture in order to attain more transparent and sustainable economic, environmental and social disclosure practices.

EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA

Oguche, Wisdom Enejo — 2024-06-30

This study explores the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria. The relationship between changes in interest rates, inflation, exchange rates, and the financial performance of SMEs in Nigeria is examined using a quantitative approach in this study. The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), two respectable organizations, are among the sources of secondary data that are used. Even after accounting for variations in exchange rates, the multiple regression analysis's findings show that changes in inflation and interest rates have a major impact on the performance of SMEs in Nigeria. The results of the mediation analysis demonstrate that the relationship between changes in exchange rates and the financial performance of SMEs is substantially mediated by both interest rates and inflation rates. The indirect effects through interest rates (IE = -0.26, p = 0.001), inflation rates (IE = -0.32, p < 0.001) and (IE = -0.40, p < 0.001) are significant, indicating that the total effect of exchange rate fluctuations on the financial performance of SMEs is partially mediated by these two variables. The study recommended that in order to protect the performance of SMEs, prudent monetary policies should be put in place to stabilize interest rates and rein in inflation. Through macroeconomic stabilization, policymakers should concentrate on initiatives that reduce exchange rate volatility and its unintentional negative consequences on SMEs. Governments should give SMEs the tools and strategies to control exchange rate risks. These tools and techniques, like hedging mechanisms, can help SMEs better navigate economic swings and preserve their financial stability.

ASSESSMENT OF PROPER PLACEMENT AND RE-DEPLOYMENT OF STAFF AND ITS EFFECT ON SERVICE DELIVERY IN GOMBE STATE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA

Matthew Funsho Bello — 2024-06-30

This research work was conducted on the topic “Assessment of Proper Placement and Re-deployment of Staff and its Effect on Service Delivery in Gombe State Civil Service Commission (2015-2021). Primary data was collected through questionnaires while the secondary data was sourced from books, journals, publications and other research works. The forecasting technique used is the “moving average forecasting techniques” which employs lots of statistical relations such as forecast error (et), cumulative forecast error (CFE), mean absolute deviation (MAD), mean square error (MSE) mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) that are used in analyzing the data collected. The aim of this study was to establish new strategies on how redeployment of employee should be conducted and enable employers to adapt to the redeployment process. The study finds that improper and unethical redeployment and placement of employee is responsible for increases in corrupt practices in the country and has given room for favoritism, nepotism, tribalism and ethnicity practices in the recruitment of qualified candidates to fill in available vacancies. The government’s officials manipulate, interfere and exert undue control of officials charged with recruiting, placing and redeploying staff in the public sector. In view of this, it is recommended that the assessment of quality employee should be put in place for quality productivity, if this is not done the aim of redeployment and placement will not be achieve. There should be proper checks and balances within the system so that proper placement and re-deployment of personnel would suffer a serious setback.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT APPROACH IN NIGERIA

Edino Ojonimi Ferdinand — 2024-06-30

The adoption of New Public Management (NPM) in Nigeria aims to modernize governance, improve service delivery, and spur economic growth. NPM, grounded in market principles, emphasizes decentralization, privatization, and performance-based management to align government actions with market forces and citizen needs. However, its implementation faces hurdles such as political interference, corruption, and institutional weaknesses, hindering its effectiveness and socio-economic progress. While some sectors like healthcare and education have seen advancements, pervasive issues like corruption and infrastructure deficits persist, illustrating the complexities of reforming public administration. Theoretical frameworks including principal-agent theory and institutional theory shed light on NPM's dynamics and its effects on organizational behavior and service delivery. Case studies across various sectors underscore both successes and failures of NPM, advocating for adaptive strategies and holistic approaches that balance efficiency gains with social welfare objectives. Amid global influences and domestic challenges, ongoing efforts are essential to address systemic issues and harness NPM's potential for sustainable socio-economic development. Recommendations include bolstering institutional capacity through investment in training and infrastructure, promoting transparency and accountability to combat corruption, and integrating equity considerations into policy design to foster inclusive growth. Prioritizing social welfare alongside efficiency ensures a comprehensive approach aligning with broader social development goals.

E-COMMERCE ADOPTION AND ITS EFFECT ON SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN NOTHERN NIGERIA

Oguche Wisdom Enejo — 2024-06-30

This study focuses on E-commerce adoption and its effects on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Northern Nigeria. The objective of the study is to identify the extent to which e-commerce has been adopted by SMEs in Northern Nigeria, identify the various challenges affecting the adoption of e-commerce among SMEs in Northern Nigeria and identify strategies that can facilitate the successful adoption of e-commerce among SMEs in Northern Nigeria. Using data from 400 SMEs, the research employs descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analysis. The findings of the study reveal that 50% of SMEs have fully adopted E-commerce, 30% have partially adopted, and 20% have not adopted E-commerce at all. Key challenges include lack of internet infrastructure (mean score = 3.88), high implementation costs (mean score = 3.80), lack of technical skills (mean score = 3.45), security concerns (mean score = 3.58), resistance to change (mean score = 3.30), and regulatory issues (mean score = 3.18). The study findings identify critical strategies such as improving internet infrastructure, reducing implementation costs, offering training and skill development, enhancing security measures, promoting awareness of E-commerce benefits, providing financial incentives, and simplifying regulatory requirements. The regression analysis for the hypothesis indicates that E-commerce adoption significantly enhances Sales Growth, Market Reach, Operational Efficiency, and Profitability, while Customer Satisfaction shows no significant impact. The study recommended that governmental and non-governmental organizations should provide training and skill development, strengthen security protocols, upgrade internet infrastructure, increase benefit awareness, offer financial incentives, and simplify regulatory requirements in order to encourage SMEs to adopt e-commerce. Also, in order to improve their overall business performance, SMEs should give priority to tactics that increase sales growth, penetrate new markets, and improve operational efficiency. This research contributes to the understanding of digital transformation in SMEs and provides actionable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and business owners.

IMPERATIVE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION DIMENSION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

Adebayo Adeyemi Abdulwasiu — 2024-06-30

This study explored the consequence of EO on performance of SMEs in Offa local Government Area of Kwara State. The study’spurpose was to establish the effect of entrepreneurial orientation dimensions such as proactiveness and innovativeness on performance of SMEs as proxy by customers’ patronage and profitability of small and medium scales businesses in Offa local Government Area of Kwara State from 2018 to 2023. Survey design was used for the study as data were collected using questionnaires administered on a sample of one hundred and nine (109) respondents from the total population of 150. Data analysis for the study was carried with multiple linear regression. Consequently, the findings of the study revealed that R-Square values are 0.967 and 0.683 customers’ patronage and product quality respectively. In the course of the entrepreneurial orientation’s distinctiveness, the findings established the surfacing of proactive innovation (a permutation of proactiveness and innovativeness) which revealed a significant positive association on customer patronage and product quality. The study concludes that entrepreneurial orientation is very significant in the performance of the SMEs as it helps in the survival of the business and allowing them to effectively participate especially within fast-changing industries in this present economic situation. The study further recommends that business should try to be pro-active in pleasing the present and future desires of their esteem customers and should also accept the spate of Innovation in their respective enterprise.

LOGISTICS SERVICE RECOVERY AND CUSTOMER RETENTION IN THE CONSTRUCTION AGGREGATES INDUSTRY IN CROSS RIVER STATE

Eyo Emmanuel Essien — 2024-06-30

This research is on logistics service recovery and customer retention in the construction aggregates industry in Cross River State. We sought to determine the effects of post-failure analysis, communication management and technical innovation management on customer retention in the construction aggregates haulage business. Cross-sectional survey research design was adopted. Using a structured questionnaire, primary data were elicited from 182 personnel from the operations, logistics and marketing department of haulage companies in Akamkpa. The data obtained were descriptively analyzed, while the hypotheses of the study were tested using multiple linear regression. The findings of the study revealed that post-failure analysis, communication management and technical management had significant positive effects on customer retention in the construction aggregates haulage business in Akamkpa. Hence, the study recommended, among others, that: logistics companies should initiate a well-coordinated post-failure analytical exercise in the aftermath of every failure incident in order to identify the type of failure that has occurred, its root causes, impact on its operations and the recovery measures required to address the incidents; and logistics companies should prioritize effective communication during service failures by providing factual, timely, and transparent information to customers in an empathetic ways to lessen the adverse impacts of the incidents on customers and to provide confidence in their recovery capabilities.

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEME (NHIS) CAMPAIGNS ON HEALTH CARE DELIVERY IN THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY (FCT), NIGERIA

Ali Peter Abah — 2024-06-30

The National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS is a pivotal initiative to increase access to healthcare for beneficiaries. This study focuses on assessing the perceived effectiveness of NHIS in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) by examining its impact on ensuring enhanced healthcare delivery. The study employs descriptive survey design, adopted for the study examining the impact of NHIS on healthcare delivery to beneficiaries in Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Nigeria. The population of the study comprised beneficiaries of NHIS resident in Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria. Convenient sampling procedure was used to select 300 respondents in the study areas, comprising staff of Bwari, Gwagwalada and Abuja Municipal Area Councils. Likert scale questions were designed to evaluate beneficiary perceptions about awareness, healthcare accessibility and utilization patterns, economic implications, and challenges faced by NHIS. The study also formulated two research questions with corresponding objectives to guide a thorough examination of NHIS effectiveness. The analysis revealed a generally positive perception of NHIS effectiveness, with beneficiaries expressing satisfaction in various dimensions. There is a mixed level of awareness and understanding regarding NHIS among the population in the FCT. While some individuals are familiar with NHIS and its benefits, a significant portion remains unaware or poorly informed about the scheme. Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the study recommends that there should be consistent health education and awareness campaigns to increase understanding and awareness of NHIS among beneficiaries within the FCT. These campaigns should focus on explaining the benefits, enrollment process, coverage, and limitations of NHIS in accessible formats.

EMPLOYEES’ ENGAGEMENT AND ORGANISATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS AMONG EMPLOYEES OF EKO SUPREME RESOURCES NIGERIA LIMITED, AGBARA, OGUN STATE

Jaiyeoba Foluso Ilesanmi — 2024-06-30

The study examined the relationship between employees’ engagement (EE) and organisational effectiveness. The objectives of the study are to examine the relationship between employees’ engagement indicators which are physical, cognitive and emotional engagement and organisational effectiveness indicators which are employee innovation, satisfaction and interpersonal relationship. Using a survey research design and primary data, responses were obtained from respondents who are employees of the Eko Supreme Resources Nigeria Limited (N=124). A sample size of 91 was determined with Taro Yamene formula. However, only 89 responses were valid and used for the data analyses, using the Pearson Product Moment correlation with the help of SPSS 20. The results of correlation coefficients indicate that physical engagement, emotional engagement, cognitive engagement were found to have significant and positively correlated with employees’ innovation, satisfaction and interpersonal relationship. The results suggest that organizational effectiveness depends on various independent variables but employees’ engagement is also one of the most effective variables. The study concluded that there is significant relationship between organizational effectiveness and employees’ engagement. Employees, who are engaged with jobs, can understand social cues among others thus they can choose the way to improve social skills in order to achieve organizational goals. This study also complies that the relation between employees’ engagement and effectiveness is diverse as per work force patterns in work place. Based on these findings, the study recommends among others, that employees’ engagement should be the concern of all stakeholders and should be complimented with the provision of opportunities and conducive working environment.